1. Introduction

Cannabis extracts have become a major part of the Canadian cannabis landscape, offering consumers access to highly potent and flavourful products. Whether you’re new to concentrates or looking to expand your cannabis knowledge, understanding how extracts are made and the different types available can help you choose the product that best fits your needs.

2. What Are Cannabis Extracts?

In simple terms, cannabis extracts are concentrated forms of cannabinoids and terpenes, the compounds responsible for the plant’s effects, aroma, and flavour.

Extracts are created by removing plant material and isolating desirable compounds such as:

• THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
• CBD (cannabidiol)
• Terpenes (aromatic oils that influence effects and flavour)

Because the final product contains a higher concentration of active compounds, extracts are typically more potent and efficient than traditional flower.

3. How Are Cannabis Extracts Made?

Cannabis extracts are produced through extraction methods designed to separate cannabinoids and terpenes from the plant.

Solvent-Based Extraction

These methods use liquids or gases to dissolve cannabinoids:

• CO₂ Extraction
  Considered one of the cleanest and safest methods. CO₂ pulls out cannabinoids at controlled temperatures and pressures, resulting in high-quality oils.
• Ethanol Extraction
  Fast and efficient for large-scale production. Ethanol removes a broad range of compounds, which can later be refined.
• Butane or Propane Extraction (BHO)
  Used to create high-terpene concentrates like shatter and wax. Precise temperature control helps preserve delicate aromas.

Solventless Extraction

These methods rely on heat, pressure, or water rather than chemicals:

• Rosin Pressing
  Uses heat and pressure to squeeze cannabinoids and terpenes out of the flower or hash. Natural and free of solvents.
• Ice Water Hash (Bubble Hash)
  Relies on ice and agitation to separate trichomes from the plant. Considered one of the cleanest traditional methods.

No matter the method, professional extraction requires strict safety protocols and testing to ensure purity and consistency, especially in regulated Canadian markets.

4. Common Types of Cannabis Extracts

There are many forms of cannabis extracts, each offering a unique flavour, potency, and experience.

Cannabis Oil

Versatile and easy to use. Often found in vape cartridges, tinctures, and capsules.

Shatter & Wax

Popular choices for dabbing.

• Shatter: brittle, glass-like texture
• Wax/Budder: soft, creamy consistency

Both deliver strong cannabinoids and terpene profiles.

Live Resin

Made from fresh, frozen cannabis instead of dried flower. This preserves more terpenes, resulting in richer flavour and aroma.

Rosin

A solventless concentrate prized for purity. Ideal for consumers who prefer natural extraction processes.

Distillate

Ultra-refined THC or CBD extract with very high potency.
Common in vape pens, edibles, and topicals.

Read More: Best Cannabis Edibles – Top THC & CBD Treats

5. Benefits of Cannabis Extracts

Cannabis extracts offer several advantages:

Higher Potency

Extracts contain more concentrated cannabinoids, making them ideal for experienced users or those seeking stronger effects.

Versatile Consumption Methods

You can enjoy extracts through:

• Vapourizing
• Dabbing
• Edibles
• Tinctures
• Capsules

Cleaner Experience

Refined extracts offer consistent potency and reduced plant impurities compared to smoking dried flower.

6. How to Use Cannabis Extracts Safely

Because extracts are more potent than flower, it’s essential to start slowly, especially if you’re new to concentrates.

Dosing Tips

• Begin with a very small amount (especially with dabs or distillate).
• Increase gradually once you understand your tolerance.

Choose the Right Form

• Beginner-friendly: oils, tinctures, vape cartridges
• Intermediate: rosin, soft wax
• Advanced: live resin, shatter, distillate

Buy Lab-Tested Products

In Canada, legal extracts must include lab results showing cannabinoid content, terpene profile, and safety screening for contaminants.

7. Legal Status of Cannabis Extracts in Canada

Under the Cannabis Act, extracts are fully legal for purchase and use through licensed retailers. Consumers can legally buy:

• Vape cartridges
• Concentrates like shatter, wax, rosin, and live resin
• Oils, tinctures, and capsules
• Distillate-based products

All products must meet stringent testing and packaging requirements to ensure safety.

8. Final Thoughts

Cannabis extracts are an exciting and diverse part of the cannabis industry, offering deep flavour, high potency, and versatile use. Whether you’re exploring THC and CBD extracts for medical purposes or simply want a cleaner, more efficient cannabis experience, understanding the types of cannabis extracts and how they’re made helps you choose safely and confidently.